S1 Pendidikan Kimia-Matakuliah Kimia Fisika I

Kom­pe­ten­si/Com­pe­ten­ci­es

Meng­u­a­sa­hi seca­ra komp­re­hen­sif kea­da­an gas, cair, dan padat, sifat-sifat zat mur­ni dan cam­pur­an ser­ta dapat men­je­lask­an geja­la-geja­la kimia yang ter­kait ber­da­sar­kan hukum-hukum termodinamika./Stu­den­ts comp­re­hend gase­o­us sta­te, liqu­id sta­te and solid sta­te of mat­ter, pro­perties of pure mat­ter and mixtu­re to be able to expla­in che­mi­cal cha­nges re­lated to them accor­ding to the ther­mo­dyna­mi­cs laws.

Bah­an Kaji­an/Sub­je­ct Mat­ters

(1) Kea­da­an gas: karak­te­ris­tik umum gas, hukum-hukum gas, per­sa­ma­an gas ide­al, teo­ri mole­kul kine­tik gas, penu­run­an kine­tik per­sa­ma­an gas, dis­tri­busi kece­pat­an mole­kul, macam-macam kece­pat­an mole­kul, per­hi­tung­an ke­cepatan mole­kul, sifat-sifat tum­buk­an, gas nya­ta, per­sa­ma­an van der Waals, pen­cair­an gas, geja­la kri­tik, hukum kea­da­an sehu­bung­an, meto­de pen­cairan gas; (2)  Kea­da­an Cair: Gaya antar mole­kul dalam zat cair, gaya ta­rik dipol-dipol, gaya lon­don, ikat­an hidro­gen, teka­nan uap, penga­ruh su­hu pada tekan­an uap, penen­tu­an tekan­an uap, meto­de sta­tik, me­tode di­na­mik, penga­ruh tekan­an uap pada titik didih, tegang­an per­mukaan, pe­nen­tuan tegang­an per­mu­ka­an, vis­ko­si­tas, pengu­kur­an vis­ko­si­tas, penga­ruh suhu pada vis­ko­si­tas zat cair, indeks refrak­si, refrak­si molar, penen­tu­an indeks refrak­si, akti­vi­tas optik, rota­si spe­si­fik, pengu­kur­an akti­fi­tas optic; (3) Hukum ke Nol dan Per­ta­ma Ter­mo­di­na­mi­ka: kea­da­an sis­tem, hukum ke nol ter­mo­di­n­maika, ska­la suhu gas ide­al, ker­ja dan panas, hukum per­ta­ma ter­mo­di­nma­i­ka, ener­gi inter­nal, dife­ren­sial eksak dan tak eksak, ker­ja kom­presi dan eks­pan­si gas pada suhu tetap, ber­ba­gai jenis ker­ja, peru­bahan kea­da­an pada volu­me tetap, enta­lpi, kapa­si­tas panas, ekpan­si Jou­le-Tho­m­son, Pro­ses adi­a­bat, enta­lpi pem­bentukan; (4) Ter­mo­ki­mia: satu­an peru­ba­han ener­gi, enta­lpi reak­si kimia, reak­si ekso­ter­mis dan endo­ter­mis, per­sa­maan ter­mo­ki­mia, panas reak­si atau enta­lpi reak­si, per­u­bah­an enta­lpi ka­rena per­u­bah­an suhu, macam-macam enta­lpi reak­si, panas pem­ba­kar­an panas pela­rut­an, panas netra­li­sa­si, per­u­bah­an ener­gi pada per­u­bah­an fase, panas pele­bur­an, panas pengu­ap­an, panas subli­ma­si, panas tran­sisi, hukum Hess,  apli­ka­si hukum Hess, ka­lo­rimetri; (5) Hukum kedua dan ke­ti­ga ter­mo­dinamika: entro­pi seba­gai fung­si kea­da­an, hukum kedua ter­mo­di­na­mi­ka, pe­ru­­­bahan entro­pi pada pro­ses rever­si­ble, per­u­bah­an entro­pi pada pro­ses irre­ver­sible, entro­pi pen­cam­pur­an gas ide­al, entro­pi dan pro­babi­li­tas, kalo­ri­me­tri penen­tuan entro­pi, hukum keti­ga termo­di­na­mika; (6) Kese­tim­bangan fasa: fasa, kom­po­nen, dera­jat kebe­bas­an, atur­an fasa, dia­gram fasa sis­tem satu kom­po­nen, per­sa­maan Cla­pe­yron, per­sa­ma­an Clausius–Clapey­ron, Kese­tim­bang­an uap-cair sis­tem cam­puran biner, tekan­an uap cam­puran non ide­al dan hukum Henry, sis­tem dua kom­po­nen fasa cair dan padat, topik khu­sus: penga­ruh tegang­an per­mu­ka­an pada tekan­an uap; (7) Ke­se­timbangan kim­ia: pe­nurunan ung­kapan kese­tim­bang­an, tetap­an kese­tim­bangan reak­si gas, pe­nen­­tuan te­tapan kese­tim­bang­an, peng­gu­na­an ener­gi pem­ben­tuk­an bebas Gibbs untuk meng­hi­tung tetap­an kesetim­ba­ng­a­n, penga­ruh suhu pada tetap­an kesetim­bangan, penga­ruh tekan­an, kom­­­po­sisi awal dan gas inert pada kom­po­si­si kesetim­bangan, tetap­an ke­se­­tim­­bangan dalam kon­sent­rasi./(1) Gase­o­us Sta­te: Gene­ral Cha­ra­cte­ris­ti­cs of Gases, Para­me­ters of a Gas, Gas Laws, The Ide­al-Gas Equ­a­tion, Kine­tic Mole­cu­lar The­ory of Gases, Deri­va­tion of Kine­tic Gas Equ­a­tion, Dis­tri­bu­tion of Mole­cu­lar Velo­ci­ti­es, Diffe­rent Kin­ds of Velo­ci­ti­es,  Calcu­lation of Mole­cu­lar Velo­ci­ti­es, Colli­sion Pro­per­ti­es, Real Gas, Van Der Waals Equ­a­tion, Liqu­e­fa­ction of Gases, Cri­ti­cal Phe­no­me­non, Law of Cor­res­pon­ding Sta­tes, Metho­ds of Liqu­e­fa­ction of Gases; (2) Liqu­i­ds Sta­te: Inter­mo­le­cu­lar For­ces in Liqu­i­ds, Dipo­le-Dipo­le Attra­ctions, Lon­don For­ces, Hydro­gen Bon­ding, Vapor Pres­su­re, Effe­ct of tem­pe­rature on vapor pres­su­re, Deter­mi­na­tion of vapor pres­su­re, The Sta­tic method, The Dyna­mic method, Effe­ct of vapor pres­su­re on boi­ling poin­ts, Sur­fa­ce Ten­sion, Uni­ts of Sur­fa­ce Ten­sion, Deter­mi­na­tion of Sur­fa­ce Ten­sion, (Capi­llary rise Method, Drop For­ma­tion Method, Ring-deta­ch­ment Method, Bubble Pres­su­re Method, Visco­si­ty, Uni­ts of  Visco­si­ty, Mea­su­re­ment Of Visco­si­ty, Ostwa­ld Method, Effe­ct of Tem­pe­ra­tu­re on Visco­si­ty of a Liqu­id, Refra­cti­ve Index, Molar Refra­ction, Deter­mina­tion of Refra­cti­ve Index, Opti­cal Acti­vi­ty, Spe­ci­fic Rota­tion, Mea­su­re­ment of Opti­cal Acti­vi­ty; (3) Zero­th and First Law of Ther­mo­dyna­mi­cs: Sta­te of a Sys­tem, The Zero­th Law of Thermody­namics, The Ide­al Gas Tem­pe­ra­tu­re Sca­le, Work and Heat, First Law of Thermody­namics and Inter­nal Ener­gy, Exa­ct and Ine­xa­ct Diffe­ren­ti­als, Work of Comp­res­sion and Expan­sion of a Gas at Con­stant Tem­pe­ra­tu­re, Vari­o­us Kin­ds of Work, Cha­nge in Sta­te at Con­stant Volu­me, Entha­lpy and Cha­nge of Sta­te at Con­stant Pres­su­re, Heat Capa­ci­ti­es, Jou­le Thom­son Expan­sion, Adi­a­ba­tic Pro­ces­ses with Gases ‚Thermochemis­try, Entha­lpy of For­ma­tion, Calo­ri­me­try; (4) Thermoc­he­mis­try: Uni­ts of Ener­gy Cha­nges, Entha­lpy of a Rea­ction, Exo­ther­mic And Endo­ther­mic Rea­ctions, Ther­moche­mical Equ­a­tions, Heat of Rea­ction or Entha­lpy of Rea­ction, Vari­a­tion of Heat (or Entha­lpy) of Rea­ction With Tem­pe­ra­tu­re, Diffe­rent Types of Heat (Entha­lpy) of Reac­tion, Heat of Com­bus­tion, Heat of Solu­tion, Heat of Neu­tra­li­za­tion, Ener­gy Cha­nges During Tran­si­tions or Pha­se Cha­nges, Heat of Fusion, Heat of Vapo­ri­za­tion, Heat of Subli­ma­tion, Heat of Tran­si­tion, Hess’s Law of Con­stant Heat Sum­ma­tion, Appli­ca­tions of Hess’s Law, Bond Ener­gy, Mea­su­re­ment of The Heat of Re­action (Calo­ri­me­tric); (5) Second and Thi­rd Laws of Ther­mo­dyna­mi­cs: Entro­py as a Sta­te Fun­ction, The Second Law of Ther­mo­dyna­mi­cs, Entro­py Cha­nges in Rever­si­ble Pro­ces­ses, Entro­py Cha­nges in Irre­ver­si­ble Pro­ces­ses, Entro­py of Mixing Ide­al Gases, Entro­py and Sta­tis­ti­cal Pro­ba­bil­ity, Calori­me­tric Deter­mina­tion of Entro­pi­es, The Thi­rd Law of Thermodyna­mics, Spe­cial To­pic: Heat Engi­nes; (6) Pha­se Equ­i­li­bri­um: Pha­se, Com­po­nen­ts, Degre­es of Free­­dom, Pha­se Rule, Pha­se Dia­grams of One-Com­po­nent Sys­tems, The Cla­pey­ron Equa­­tion, The Clausius–Clapeyron Equ­a­tion, Vapor–Liquid Equili­brium of Binary Li­quid Mixtu­res, Vapor Pres­su­re of Non ide­al Mixtu­res and Hen­ry’s Law, Acti­vi­ty Coeffi­cients, Two-Com­po­nent Sys­tems Con­sis­ting of Solid and Liqu­id Pha­ses, Spe­ci­al Topic: Effe­ct of Sur­fa­ce Ten­sion on the Vapor Pres­su­re; (7) Che­mi­cal Equ­i­li­bri­um: Deri­va­tion of the Gene­ral Equ­i­li­bri­um Exp­res­sion, Equ­i­li­bri­um Con­stant Exp­res­sions for Gas Re­actions, Deter­mi­na­tion of Equ­i­li­bri­um Con­stan­ts, Use of Stan­da­rd Gibbs Ener­gi­es of For­­mation to Calcu­la­te Equ­i­li­bri­um Con­stan­ts, Effe­ct of Tem­pe­ra­tu­re on the Equilib­rium Con­stant, Effe­ct of Pres­su­re, Ini­ti­al Com­po­si­tion, and Inert Gases on the Equilib­rium Com­po­si­tion,  Equ­i­li­bri­um Con­stan­ts for Gas Rea­ctions Writ­ten in Ter­ms of Con­cen­trations,  Hete­ro­ge­ne­o­us Rea­ctions, Spe­ci­al Topic: Iso­mer Gro­up Thermody­namics, Spe­cial Topic: Che­mi­cal Equ­a­tions as Matrix Equ­a­tions.

Tujuan/Obje­cti­ves

Sete­lah mem­pe­la­ja­ri bah­an kaji­an dalam per­ku­li­ah­an, dis­ku­si dan tanya jawab, dan meng­er­jak­an latih­an soal, maha­sis­wa dapat men­je­lask­an kon­sep dan prin­sip dasar kea­da­an gas, cair, dan padat, sifat-sifat zat mur­ni dan cam­pur­an ser­ta dapat mene­rapk­an geja­la-geja­la kimia yang ter­kait ber­da­sar­kan hukum-hukum ter­mo­di­na­mik. /After lear­ning con­cep­ts and basi­cs prin­ci­ples of gas, liqu­id, and solid, cha­ra­cte­ris­ti­cs of pure and mixtu­re subs­tan­ces as well as be able to expla­in che­mi­cal phe­no­me­na rela­ted to ther­mo­dyna­mi­cs laws, stu­den­ts can imple­ment them into inno­va­ti­ve pro­du­cts.

Daf­tar Pustaka/Refe­ren­ces

1. Alber­ty, R.A .2005. Physi­cal Che­mis­try, 4^th edi­tion. New York: Mc-Graw Hill.
2. Atkins, P.W., Pau­la J. de. 2009. The Ele­men­ts of Physi­cal Che­mis­try, 5^th edi­tion. Oxfo­rd: Lon­don.
3. Atkins, P.W., Pau­la J. de, 2010. Physi­cal Che­mis­tr, 9^th edi­tion, Oxfo­rd: Lon­don.
4. Cas­te­ll­an, G.W. 1983. Physi­cal Che­mis­try, 3^rd edi­tion. Mas­sa­chu­set­ts: Addi­son Wes­ley Publi­shing Com­pany.
5. Levi­ne, I. N, 2009. Physi­cal Che­mis­try, 6^th edi­tion. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.